Real-Time Multimodal Cognitive Assistant for Emergency Medical Services
Published in IoTDI 2024: 9th ACM/IEEE Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation, 2024
Recommended citation: Keshara Weerasinghe, Saahith Janapatim Xueren Ge, Sion Kim, Sneha Iyer, John A Stankovic, Homa Alemzadeh. 2024. Real-Time Multimodal Cognitive Assistant for Emergency Medical Services: To appear in 9th ACM/IEEE Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI 2024). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.06734 https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06734
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders often operate under time-sensitive conditions, facing cognitive overload and inherent risks, requiring essential skills in critical thinking and rapid decision-making. This paper presents CognitiveEMS, an end-to-end wearable cognitive assistant system that can act as a collaborative virtual partner engaging in the real-time acquisition and analysis of multimodal data from an emergency scene and interacting with EMS responders through Augmented Reality (AR) smart glasses. CognitiveEMS processes the continuous streams of data in real-time and leverages edge computing to provide assistance in EMS protocol selection and intervention recognition. We address key technical challenges in real-time cognitive assistance by introducing three novel components: (i) a Speech Recognition model that is fine-tuned for real-world medical emergency conversations using simulated EMS audio recordings, augmented with synthetic data generated by large language models (LLMs); (ii) an EMS Protocol Prediction model that combines state-of-the-art (SOTA) tiny language models with EMS domain knowledge using graph-based attention mechanisms; (iii) an EMS Action Recognition module which leverages multimodal audio and video data and protocol predictions to infer the intervention/treatment actions taken by the responders at the incident scene. Our results show that for speech recognition we achieve superior performance compared to SOTA (WER of 0.290 vs. 0.618) on conversational data. Our protocol prediction component also significantly outperforms SOTA (top-3 accuracy of 0.800 vs. 0.200) and the action recognition achieves an accuracy of 0.727, while maintaining an end-to-end latency of 3.78s for protocol prediction on the edge and 0.31s on the server.